Flags of French regiments disbanded 1749: Flags of French Regiment Agénois

First raised under this name October/November 1692.

Flags carried from 1692-1749, although the later violet colour was called "gris de lin" up to the 1730s. This may have been little different from the later violet. These flags are one of my favourite sets of the disbanded regiments and I have planned to do them for a long time.

I took the detail of the design from the 1721 French MS as about the closest we have to a definitive version of these flags...

 

Service (from Susane Volume 8); it saw a great deal of action in the War of the Spanish Succession:

In the Army of Germany up to 1694.

Campaigns of 1695, 1696 and 1697 in Flanders.
; siege of Ath.

Army of Flanders 1701.

Combat of Nimègue 1702.

Moved to the Army of the Rhine; battle of Friedlingen 1702.

Siege of Keth and campaigns in Bavaria 1703.

Battle of Hochstedt 1703; first battalion taken prisoner.

Army of Flanders: Battle of Ramillies in 1706.

Battle of Oudenarde 1708.

Battle of Malplaquet 1709.

Battle of Denain 1712; the colonel of the regiment was badly wounded there.

Army of the Rhine: Siege of Philipsbourg 1734.

Combat of Klausen 1735.

Campaigns of 1739 and 1740 in Corsica.

Army of Bavaria in 1742: relief of Braunau and defence of Deckendorf.

In garrison at Bitche in 1743.

Army of the Alps in 1744l the colonel was killed in the attack on the fortifications of Montalban.

Served in the Alps up to the peace.

Incorporated on the 10th February 1749 in the regiment of Berry and the grenadiers in the Grenadiers de France.

And this was the uniform in the 1740s:

French Flags Mini-Project: Flags Carried By Infantry Regiments at St Cast 1758 Number 5: Regiment Bourbon

This concludes the mini-project as this was the last regular French infantry regiment that fought there, although I may also do the flags of the Volontaires Étrangers who fought at St Cast.

First raised 1635 as Regiment d'Enghien and renamed Bourbon in 1686. Ranked 39th in 1756. Two battalions strong.

Flags carried from at least 1686-1791.

Early history:

Susane lists the regiment's activities in the various civil and other wars of the early 17th century but I shall not recount them here. Kronoskaf here: http://www.kronoskaf.com/syw/index.php?title=Bourbon_Infanterie gives an account of the regiment's many activities in the Nine Years' War, the War of the Spanish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession based largely on Susane.

Bourbon in the SYW from Susane Volume 6 - my translation:

Bourbon took part in the Saarlouis camp in 1753. It served on the coast of Brittany during the six first campaigns of the Seven Years War. It was particularly distinguished in 1758 in the combat of Saint Cast. At the news of the British landings, the regiment gathered on the 10th September at Lamballe, and the affair took place the next day. It attacked the enemy on the right [flank] and, despite the fire of the enemy ships which swept the beach, it threw the British battalions opposed to it into the sea. The colonel-lieutenant le Marquis de Broc, whose conduct had been most notable, was charged by the Duc d'Aiguillon to carry the news of the victory to Versailles.

At the beginning of 1759 Bourbon was sent to Belle Isle. There it spent two years without being attacked. On the 7th April 1761 115 British ships tried to disembark their troops at Port Andras. The regiment surprised the enemy in the middle of the operation, killed 800 of them, nearly all grenadiers, and made 300 prisoner including a lieutenant colonel and a major. But the British made another attempt on the 21st and were luckier. The lieutenant colonel the Chevalier de Sainte Croix defended with great courage up to the 7th June and did not agree to surrender until he had lost all hope of relief. He obtained an honourable capitulation for the regiment which was transported by British ships to the mainland and sent to Arras. It left that town in December 1763 to go to Dunkirk.

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Prague Prussian Flags Project - Flags of Prussian Fusilier Infantry Regiment 41 Wied

The Prague Prussian infantry flags project moves towards its close with this, the penultimate flag set. It is not one of the most exciting or attractive sets of these flags nor is the last flag set, that of IR3, which will be posted sometime soon. After that I may, as part of the plan ultimately to post all the Prussian infantry flags, work on the the flags carried at Kolin that have not already been produced in this and previous projects.

 

Chef: 27th July 1746 to 1765 Colonel Franz Carl Ludwig, Count von Wied zu Neuwied, later Lieutenant General

 

 

First raised for the service of Württemberg in 1716, the regiment was taken into Prussian service in 1741.

The regiment took part in the siege of Pirna in 1756. Increased by 300 men in January 1757, it went to Bohemia in April 1757 and fought at Prague on May 6th as part of the second line, right wing, reinforcing Hautcharmoy's division in the breakthrough south of Kej. It fought at Kolin on June 18th along with its grenadiers. The regiment was taken out of the second line of the left wing by the King and sent into the gap between Prinz Franz and Pannewitz's Brigades to launch a new attack on the Krzeczhorz Heights. The King himself led the attack with drawn sword and the attack succeeded around 5.30pm. In the battle's finale at Novemesto the grenadiers helped protect the retreat of the second line's right wing, with the artillery, wounded and fugitives. The regiment lost 1018 men including its commander Colonel Herwarth von Bittenfeld. (Duffy, Army of Frederick the Great, 1st Edition (henceforth Duffy AFG1) shows around 75% casualties; the grenadiers with IR44 lost about 25% casualties.) In August it was sent with Bevern to Silesia. On September 7th the grenadiers were part of the defence of the Jäckelsberg at Moys and lost 204 dead and 68 wounded. On November 22nd in the battle for Breslau the regiment stood its ground and then at Leuthen in December it fought on the right wing, losing 79 dead and 73 wounded.

In 1758 the regiment fought in the siege of Schweidnitz; the grenadiers stormed the Gallows Fort on April 16th. The grenadiers fought at Domstadl and the musketeer battalions in the defeat at Olmütz June 1st to July 1st. On the march back to Landeshut the regiment captured Kronau, which was held by eight grenadier companies. On August 11th the King took it to join Dohna’s Corps. It occupied the ruined city of Küstrin and then helped secure Lusatia against the Austrians. At Hochkirch on October 14th the grenadiers were on the right wing near the village and suffered about 30% casualties (Duffy AFG1) and the rest of the regiment fought against the Swedes at Fehrbellin under Wedell in October before moving to Torgau to secure the Mulde.

In 1759 it was sent to Franconia with the Saxon Corps. In August at Kunersdorf it suffered very heavy losses in the Kuhgrund including its regimental commander Colonel von Böhm. (Duffy AFG1 shows about 40% casualties.) At Maxen the grenadiers were taken prisoner. At Liegnitz on August 15th the regiment led the counterattack on Panten and the commander received the Order of the Black Eagle in consequence. At Torgau on November 3rd the regiment was with Zieten in the Tettenborn Brigade and took the village of Süptitz in the attack from the south that decided the battle after the Austrians thought they had won it.

In 1761 and 1762 the grenadiers fought in Pomerania and Upper Silesia and the two musketeer battalions were with the King at Peilau on August 16th, their last action of the war.

In 1763 the regiment had 1093 Prussians, 125 Saxons and 402 foreigners. The regiment was one of those most highly favoured by the King.

 

And this was the uniform in 1756:

 

 

Flags of French regiments disbanded 1749: Flags of French Regiment Gâtinais

This will possibly be the start of another mini-project, as part of the overall plan to do probably just about every French infantry flag from the 17th to the 18th centuries, if I live long enough. As was true of so many countries, the variety of French flags diminished as the 18th century wore on. Many of the War of the Spanish Succession flags are wonderfully psychedelic and unusual; the flags of the regiments disbanded at the end of the War of the Austrian Succession are also mostly unusual designs, no longer used by the French army after that date. I find the WAS more and more appealing, although I am sorry that the Austrian army was so much less effective in that war than in the Seven Years' War!

The flags of Gâtinais are often depicted with the diagonal designs as pointed triangles but the 1721 MS shows them as here. I trust the 1721 MS as a probably more authentic version of these flags. I would be interested to hear if anyone has evidence to the contrary.

The following summary of the regiment's history is from Susane, Volume 8:

Gâtinais was first raised October 1692. Only one battalion strong for much of its existence.

    1693 : Army of Italy, Battle of Marsaglia (4th October))
    1695 : Army of Catalonia
    1697 : Siege of Barcelona
    1701 : Army of Germany, then to the Army of Italy; battle of Chiari
    1702 : Defence of Cremona, battle of Luzzara, taking of Luzzara, Guastalla, and Borgoforte
    1703 : Battles of Stradella and Castelnuovo; expedition to Tyrol; taking of Asti
    1704 : Sieges of Verceil, Ivrée and Verrue
    1705 : Taking of Mirandola; battle of Cassano (16th August))
    1706 : Siege and battle of Turin (14th May); battle of Calcinato (19th May)
    1707 : Defence of Toulon
    1708 : Dauphiné, attack on Cézanne
    1708 - 1712 : Remained in the Alps
    1713 : Army of Roussillon
    1714 : Siege of Barcelona
    1733 : Army of Germany; siege of Kehl (13th-29th October)
    1734 : Battle of Ettlingen, siege of Philippsbourg (2nd June to 18th July)
    1735 : Battle of Klausen
    1744 : Army of the Alps; Conquest of Nice; siege and battle of Coni (30th September)
    1746 : Battle of Tidone
    1747 - 1748 : Defence of Provence
    In garrison at Toulon and Saint Tropez up to the Peace of 1748
    10th February 1749 : became the 2nd battalion of Lorraine and the grenadiers sent to the Grenadiers     de France

And this, as far as I can tell, was probably the uniform in the WAS. The various volumes of the Abregé De La Carte Générale Du Militaire De France from the 1730s do not specify the pocket detail or numbers of buttons on the cuff or pockets. Rousselot depicts them from 1720-1736 as shown here so in the absence of any other authorities I have chosen to do so too. Again, if anyone has better information, please do let me know in the comments below!

French Flags Mini-Project: Flags Carried By Infantry Regiments at St Cast 1758 Number 4: Regiment Boulonnais

The regiment was first raised in 1684, of two battalions. It saw much action in the War of the Spanish Succession, serving at the battle of Blenheim, where most of the first battalion was captured, and subsequently, amongst other actions,  at Oudenarde, Wijnendale, Malplaquet, Denain and various sieges.

Only one battalion in much of the Seven Years War and ranked 74th.

The flags were the same from 1684-1791.

My translation of Susane's account of the regiment in the SYW, Volume 7:

At the beginning of the Seven Years War Boulonnais was in garrison in Brittany. It remained attached to the defence of the coast of this province and was at St Malo during the various attempts at bombardment of this city by the British. On the 11th September 1758 it was this regiment that threw the British into the sea at St Cast. A considerable body of British troops managed to land on the 4th at St Lunar close to St Malo. This body had sized the position of St Cast and rapidly surrounded it with entrenchments. The Duc d'Aiguillon, governor of the province, got together all he could find of regular and militia troops but hesitated to attack a fortified enemy with so few troops. Boulonnais, led by its colonel La Tour d'Auvergne, hastened to engage the enemy, followed by the regiments Brie and Marbeuf. They broke into the entrenchments, despite the musketry of the British troops and the cannon fire from their fleet nearby, and forced the enemy to abandon their position and retreat to the shore. Boulonnais then harrassed the left, pushed it towards the sea and followed the enemy into the water up to waist height and during the entire re-embarkation fought hand to hand with men in despair. The carnage was frightful; 200 British troops were killed or drowned, and an equal number who could not reach  their ships and who sought their salvation by climbing the rocks were captured after the combat. Boulonnais, which had fought under the constant barrage of the fleet, also had great losses; its colonel was dangerously wounded.

In 1761 the regiment was sent to Saint Dominica, and because of that it escaped the reforms of 1762 which led to the disappearance of the greater part of its contemporaries. An Ordonnance of 30th April 1762 increased it to two battalions, incorporating various detachments of other troops which were also in the colonies. The regulation of the 10th December of the same year attached the regiment to the service of ports and colonies.

And this was the uniform in 1756:

French Flags Mini-Project: Flags Carried By Infantry Regiments at St Cast 1758 Number 3: Regiment Quercy

First raised 16th September 1684. One battalion in 1756 and ranked 85th.

These flags were carried at least from 1694-1776.

Summary of Susane Vol.7's account of the regiment's early history: Active in the War of the League of Augsburg. In 1692 its colonel and major were killed in a sortie by cannon fire during the enemy siege of Embrun which the regiment was helping garrison; after an honourable capitulation the regiment retired to Pignerol in 1693. Took part in the battle of Marsaglia 1693. It continued to serve until 1696 to the Peace of Ryswick 1697.

Raised to two battalions in June 1701. The first battalion served in Italy from December 1700 and was at the battles of Carpi and Chiari. In 1701 as part of the Auvergne brigade it was distinguished at the combat of Santa Vittoria where captain of grenadiers Monteil was killed. With Marshal Vendome in his campaign of 1703. In garrisons in 1704 then in 1705 at the siege of Vérue and after its capitulation then at the siege of La Mirandole. Later at the battle of Cassano. Fought 19th April 1706 along with Regiment Limousin at Calcinato, at the siege of Turin, and then at the battle of Castiglione 9th September. In 1707 at the defence of Provence and Dauphiné. Took part in the taking of Césane 1708 then serve din the Alps in the following years where it finally rejoined by the second battalion.

The second battalion had served in Flanders under Marshal Villeroi up to 1703. Served on the Moselle until the end of 1710 and left Brissach, where it had been in garrison, for Dauphiné at the beginning of 1711.

The entire regiment served in the Alps for the three following campaigns and in 1714 was called to the siege of Barcelona. After the capitulation of that city the regiment was reduced to one battalion and incorporated part of the regiment of Vallouze.

The regiment served in many of the actions of the War of the Polish Succession from 1733-6.

At the beginning of the War of the Austrian Succession the regiment was again on the Alps frontier and saw much service there. After the disasters of the campaign of 1746 the regiment took a heroic part in the defence of Provence and made a great contribution in the raising of the siege of Antibes by the Austro-Sardinians. Recrossing the Var in 1747 it was distinguished in the attack on the fortifications of Montalban and Villefranche and the capture of the two towns, almost a repeat of its experiences there in 1744. After that it took part in the occupation of Nice and Vintimiglia. At the time of the peace it remained in the Comté of Nice.

Text for the Seven Years' War from Susane Volume 7; my translation.

During the first years of the Seven Years War, the regiment de Quercy was employed in the defence of the coast of Brittany and its conduct was notable, on the 11th September 1758, at the battle of St Cast, where the British flag received a bloody affront. While Boulonnais attacked the enemy left flank, Quercy marched at the head of the column attacking the other flank. It was a lieutenant of the regiment, followed by fifteen grenadiers, who was the first to enter the enemy entrenchments and began the rout of the British troops.

In 1760 Quercy was part of the tardy reinforcement sent for the defence of our [i.e. France's] colonies. It was put into garrison on Saint Domingo, where it stayed until the beginning of 1766. An ordonnance of 30th April 1760 had raised it to two battalions and that of 10th December of the same year assigned the regiment to the service of ports and colonies.

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Flags of French German Regiment Bentheim

First raised in Germany as Furstemberg in 1668 then joined the French army in 1670 as a foreign regiment. Name changes included Sparre, Greder and then Saxe 1720 to 1750 before becoming Bentheim. Two battalions in the SYW and ranked as number 46.

I take the design of the outer border and stripes from the 1721 French MS (which shows the flags when the regiment was still called Sparre with the same design as later but in different colours) and from the 1757 MS. This differs from the way the design is often depicted but I think those two sources are likely to offer a more authentic version of the design.

The regiment was very active in the Franco-Dutch War of 1672-8, the Nine Years' War 1688-97, the War of the Spanish Succession 1701-13 including the battles of Blenheim, Oudenarde and Malplaquet, the War of the Polish Succession 1733-35 and also the War of the Austrian Succession 1740-48, where much of its work involved sieges and the capture of various towns.

Susane Vol.6 on Bentheim in the Seven Years' War (my translation):

In October 1756 the regiment, now called Bentheim, was destined to take part in the relief efforts which the king intended to send to the Empress [Maria Theresa] but the order was never given and Bentheim became part of the Army of the Lower Rhine in 1757. It did not take part in any prominent action during the first two campaigns of the Seven Years' War. One finds it in 1758 in garrison at Gottingen and later at Drantzfeld.

In 1759 it belonged to a colonel who probably cared more than his predecessor about the reputation of his regiment; for one finds it, on the 13th April, at the battle of Bergen where Captain de Nardin was killed. On the 1st August, it fought with honour at the battle of Minden, where it was on the extreme right wing with regiments Auvergne and Aquitaine. But it was distinguished above all, on the 8th, during the retreat through the gorges of Munden, at the combat of Eimbeck. Colonel-commandant de Courvoisier, aide-major Freytag, captains de Vanaltz and Culmann, and four lieutenants were wounded there.

On the 18th of January 1760 the regiment of Anhalt [formerly Bentheim] was increased to three battalions by the incorporation of the first battalion of the regiment of Lowendhal. It fought with spirit on the 10th July at Corbach; but on the 16th it allowed itself to be surprised by the Hereditary Prince of Brunswick and part of the regiment was made prisoner of war. The Prince of Anhalt, surrounded by the British, was going to perish and owed his salvation only to a soldier of Royal-Bavière who deflected the blow aimed at him. The Prince became a prisoner. His regiment remained as a garrison unit for the following two campaigns and was reduced to two battalions by the Ordonnance of 21st December 1762.

At the moment peace was declared Anhalt was in garrison at Metz.

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Prague Prussian Flags Project - Flags of Prussian Fusilier Infantry Regiment 38

Chefs: Major General Johann Christoph von Brandes, later Lieutenant General 24th August 1749-1758, then Major General Anton Leopold, Baron von Zastrow,  later Lieutenant General 20th December 1758 to 1766

First raised June 1740 from men of Garrison Regiments 1 and 2, junior officers of IR6, officers of other regiments and foreigners recruited from the Empire.

In the Seven Years War, it was with the King's Army to the surrender of the Saxons at Pirna on October 16th 1756. The companies were given an additional 30 men in January 1757. On May 6th the regiment joined the King's army at Prague. In the battle it was part of the right wing breakthrough after the massacre of the first line. The grenadiers (with IR12) suffered heavily on the left flank initial attack, losing 278 men. After Kolin the siege of Prague had to be abandoned and the regiment marched to Silesia with Bevern. After Moys and Barschdorf it was at Breslau from September and in the battle of 22nd November it was on the right wing as were its grenadiers under its chef Lieutenant General von Brandes. The position was held until nightfall and each battalion of the regiment lost about 300 men, as well as Colonel von Geiss. Breslau was evacuated on November 25th on terms of "free departure"; in the process nine-tenths of the Prussian troops deserted. The sorry remnant of the regiment returned to Berlin to be reformed. In 1758 replacements were mostly from the Mark and some of the Upper Silesians of the regiment returned after Leuthen. The grenadiers (with IR43) lost about 50% casualties at Zorndorf in August 1758 (Duffy, AFG1).

As part of the Saxon Corps the regiment advanced to Hof and Bamberg, and was part of the attempt to secure Saxony at Zschopau, Pirna and Dresden. At the end of July 1759 the regiment went with the King to Bautzen and then to Kunersdorf in August. At the battle on August 12th IR 38 was in Finck's Corps on the right wing, which opened the attack over the Trettin Heights. The regimental commander Colonel von Steinwehr was killed along with nearly 50% casualties in the regiment (Duffy, AFG1).

One battalion fought with Wunsch's Corps in Saxony, at Torgau and Korbitz, and was then captured at Maxen under Finck on November 21st 1759.

In 1760 its sole battalion was part of the garrison of Schweidnitz and captured there on October 11th. As prisoner exchange had ended it was not reformed in 1762 but after the return of prisoners in February 1763 it was reformed with the grenadier battalion of Rotkirch, formerly Köller, which had been raised from Saxon grenadiers in 1757 and served in Pomerania from 1761.

In 1784 the king complained of the regiment and its "wretched commander", who was Major General von Hager.

 And this was the uniform in 1756:

 

My flags "in action" - and a SYW wargame of the battle of Moys...

Willz Harley has kindly sent me more pictures of my flags with his splendid troops. He has been very busy painting lately! Here is a sample beginning with Prussian IR17:

and next Prussian IR 5:

and

Next, Prussian IR37:

A Prussian garrison regiment:

Next, Prussian IR6:

And the last of Willz's pictures for now, the French Grenadiers de France:

Konstantinos Antoniadis uses many of my French flags in his splendid and extensive 15mm army and they can be seen in many of the pictures on Flickr here:https://www.flickr.com/photos/142494696@N04/

Nigel Billington has been using my French flags and they can be seen looking good with his excellent figures on his blog here, for instance: https://nigbilpainter.blogspot.com/2022/01/28mm-syw-french-infantry-ir14-poitou.html and here: https://nigbilpainter.blogspot.com/2021/12/28mm-syw-french-infantry-ir25-limousin.html and here: https://nigbilpainter.blogspot.com/2021/11/28mm-syw-french-infantry-ir86-comte-de.html

And finally for now, I am very pleased to say that I have actually had a SYW wargame, the first in a very long time, thanks to the kindness and generosity of Jon Freitag, an American gamer. It was a remote game, using Zoom. We refought the Battle of Moys 1757 and you can find a very detailed and well illustrated account here: https://palousewargamingjournal.blogspot.com/2022/03/combat-of-moys-battle-report.html?showComment=1647032500554#c8142437012420189917

Here is a snapshot from the battle, showing my Austrian grenadiers, after a bloody fight to expel the Prussian grenadiers holding it, in possession of the Jackelsberg hill which they successfully held onto for the rest of the game:

Jon also uses my French flags and they can be seen on his blog: https://palousewargamingjournal.blogspot.com/2022/03/french-regiments-beauvoisis-and-la.html and https://palousewargamingjournal.blogspot.com/2022/02/french-regiments-provence-and-cosse.html for example.

Flag of yet another unknown Austrian regiment of Charles VI, as carried in the 1740s by the army of Maria Theresa

Here's another Austrian flag from the Triomphes de Louis XV MS; how lucky we are that the French captured so many from the Austrians in the 1740s! If they had not we would know so much less...

I have added my speculative but quite plausible Leibfahne, as people seem to like having them.

I still have several left of the MS flags to recreate and they are mostly very complex flags.

 

First of the Flag List Pages added - it can be found at the top of the left column on the blog

I've often been asked to list the flags available on the blog so I've just added the first Flag List Page, which lists all the French flags for wargamers to print that can be found on the blog, shown alphabetically. The link to each page can be found on the top of the left colum on the blog just above the Small Donations Requested item. I shall add further pages listing the Prussian flags and others soon. I shall update the pages as I add more flags.

Sunday 20th February: I have now added a list of the Prussian flags on the blog, link in the same location atop the left hand column

Prague Prussian Flags Project - Flags of Prussian Fusilier Infantry Regiment 33

Chef: Colonel Heinrich August, Baron de la Motte-Fouqué, later General of Infantry 31st December 1744-13th June 1774

Created June 26th 1740 from a previous garrison battalion of Magdeburg.

The regiment was with Schwerin in 1756 to the end of October. In the whole Seven Years War it experienced only two major battles. On May 6th 1757 Schwerin joined the King at Prague. IR33 was with the first attack on the left wing under Winterfeldt which was bloodily repulsed and the regiment lost its commander Colonel Balthasar Friedrich, Baron von der Goltz, and at least 50% of its numbers as casualties (Duffy, Army of Frederick the Great, 1st Edition) and a flag. It then formed part of the force besieging Prague.

The grenadier battalion (with IR42) lost up to 90% casualties at Kolin on 18th June 1757 (Duffy, Army of Frederick the Great, 1st Edition).

In 1758 it formed part of the King's army trying to encircle Olmütz and then served in Silesia under Margrave Karl, then Fouqué.

It was with the King again in 1759, at Neisse in April that year, and finally at Landeshut where, on June 23rd 1760 it fought to defend the Bober Heights against overwhelming Austrian forces under Loudon but was ultimately captured. Fouqué's corps lost 1927 dead and over 8000 wounded and captured in the fight; Fouqué himself was wounded and captured.

 

The illustration above is by Menzel from Kugler's history of Frederick and shows Fouqué's capture at Landeshut

In a famous tale of the battle, Fouqué, already wounded in the head and with sword cuts to the arm and back, was about to be struck a fatal last blow by an Austrian cavalryman but saved by the self-sacrificing actions of a groom called Trautschke who threw himself in the way of the sword blow. "Fouqué was rescued by Colonel Carl Voith von Salzburg of the Löwenstein Chevaulegers, who brought up his parade horse to have him carried away. 'He refused, saying "I would only ruin your fine saddlery." Voith replied, "no, it would gain enormously from being stained with the blood of a hero!"" (Duffy, By Force of Arms, page 238) Later, when Fouqué was taunted by a "churlish or shameless" officer for the defeat of his Corps and other Austrian officers tried to silence him, Fouqué said "Let him be. You know how it goes in war; today it's my turn, tomorrow it's yours!" (also Duffy, by Force of Arms) Zieten led the remnants of the Prussian troops to Breslau. The King was deeply shocked by the loss of his favourite Fouqué and his Corps but said that he had fought like a Roman and commended the struggle to his other generals. Fouqué was almost the last of Frederick's close confidants now that Wnterfeldt was dead. IR33 was refilled in 1763 from the former Saxon regiment of Prince Maximilian. In 1784 the King was highly critical of the regiment, although he approved of the grenadiers.

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Minden French Flags Project - Flag of the Grenadiers de France

This is one I have had sitting around for quite some time and have not uploaded for some reason. I have depicted the simpler central cartouche from the 1757 MS; some illustrations show palm leaves round that cartouche. It seems there were no colonels' flags, only the Ordonnance flags; the 1757 MS illustration shows only Ordonnance flags, for instance.

At the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 53 French infantry battalions were disbanded but it was decided to retain their compagnies d'élite as a corps called the Grenadiers de France. Organised in 4 brigades (= battalions) of 12 companies and numbered 40th in rank, the Grenadiers de France and Grenadiers Royaux had 8 battalions at Minden: "as fierce and terrible-looking fellows as I ever saw", said one British eye witness. At Wilhelmstahl 635 were taken prisoner by the 5th Foot and tradition has it that the 5th took their bearskin caps into wear.

Having only a short existence meant that the Grenadiers de France's campaigns were all in the Seven Years War, although they were often in reserve and did not see action.

They fought at or were present at:

1757: Hastenbeck, Hanover;
1758: Krefeld, Bork, Froweiler, Münster;
1759: Minden (Todtenhausen);
1760: Homberg, Sakenhausen, Göttingen;
1761: Duderstadt (Heiligenstadt), Villingshausen;
1762: Grebenstein (Kassel), Johannisberg.

Minden was their most famous action and there they suffered severe losses, mostly from the Allied artillery fire. Much more detail of their history etc. can be found on the Kronoskaf web page and in this account (in French): http://grenadiers-de-france.e-monsite.com/pages/historique-du-corps-des-grenadiers-de-france.html

And this was the uniform in the SYW:

Willz Harley's Hanoverian Légion Britannique with some of my flags

The Légion Britannique was raised for service in the Hanoverian Army in 1760. It was paid for by the British government and apparently carried flags of British pattern, although its officers were Hanoverian. It consisted of 5 battalions, each of 4 infantry companies and a dragoon squadron; the strength of each battalion was intended to be 500 infantry and 101 dragoons.

As the Légion was raised from deserters, foreigners and sometimes prisoners of war, its quality can be imagined, and losses from desertion and capture were many. Despite its inauspicious make up, units of the Légion were capable of distinguished service, as with the 3rd battalion which fought well in the defence of Hamm in 1761 and the 2nd battalion which was overcome at the defence of Meppen only after a fierce resistance. French prisoners taken at Warburg in July 1760 were later enlisted in the Légion's light companies.

I created a sheet of infantry flags for the Légion based on the description in Niemeyer and Ortenburg's text on the Hanoverian Army, which states that the flags were those of British pattern, using the facings as depicted in the book as a guide to the regimental colours. Willz Harley has painted up units of the Légion and used my flags, and he gave me permission to show these pictures of his splendid troops with my flags.

 

French Flags Mini-Project: Flags Carried By Infantry Regiments at St Cast 1758 Number 2: Regiment Bresse

This is another French regiment which was much busier in the early 18th century than in the SYW but fought at St Cast in 1758.

First raised 14th September 1684 from a battalion of Normandie Infantry. One battalion only and ranked 83rd at the beginning of the SYW.

These flags were carried from 1684-1762.

With the Army of Germany 1691. With the Army of the Alps 1692. At the defence of Pignerol and the battle of Marsaglia 1693. Served in Provence 1694 then embarked for Catalonia and served at the relief of Palamos.  With the Army of Italy at the siege of Valenza 1696.  With the Army of Flanders in 1697.  With the Army of Italy in 1700. At the combats of Carpi and Chiari in 1701. Then at the combat of Santa Vittoria, and battle and taking of Luzzara; combat of Stradella and Castelnuovo, taking of Nago and Arco, taking of Asti; sieges of Verceil, Ivré and Vérue, battles of Cassano and Calcinato; siege of Turin from 1702-1706.  With the Army of Dauphiné from 1707 to 1709.  With the Army of Flanders, combat of Beuvrage, battle of Denain, siege of Douai from 1710-1712. In garrison at Douai.

 With the Army of Bavaria in 1742, combat of Sahay, relief of Frawemberg, defence of and retreat from Prague.  With the Army of Flanders in 1744.  With the Army of the Lower Rhine in 1745.  With the Army of Flanders, sieges of Mons, Charleroi and Namur, battle of Rocoux in 1746. Defence of Provence in 1747. Defence of the Gênes River line in 1748.
 
 Campaign of 1756 on the coast of Normandy. Campaigns of 1757 and 1758 on the coast of Brittany, combat of St Cast. Campaigns of 1759 to 1762 on the coast of Aunis. Disbanded 25th November 1762.

And this was the uniform in 1756:

French Flags Mini-Project: Flags Carried By Infantry Regiments at St Cast 1758 Number 1: Regiment Brie

As with the Prussian infantry flags, I hope and plan to do all the French infantry flags eventually. The British landing at St Cast in 1758, where the French gave British forces a very bloody nose, caught my attention recently so I have decided to do the remaining French infantry flags from this action. (I have already posted the flags of French infantry regiments Royal des Vaisseaux and Penthièvre which also fought at St Cast.) I shall list the earlier actions and campaigns of these regiments as well as their SYW experiences as they mostly had much more to do in the War of the Spanish Succession and War of the Austrian Succession and sometimes earlier, so these flags will appeal to wargamers depicting earlier French armies.

Brie ranked 87th at the beginning of the SYW and was only one battalion strong.

The flags as shown were carried from 1684-1762.

Brie first raised September 1684 from companies of the regiment of Picardy. In garrison in Calais 1687. Conquest of the Palatinate 1688. Served on the Rhine to 1693. With the Army of Italy from 1694-1696. With the Army of the Meuse in 1697. With the Army of the Rhine at the battle of Friedlingen 1702. At the sieges of Brisach and Landau and the battle of Speyerbach 1703. With the Army of the Alps 1704. At the conquest of Nice 1705. At the siege and battle of Turin 1706. At the defence of Toulon 1707. With the Army of the Rhine from 1708 to 1713. Briefly renamed Comte de la Marche 1726-1727.

With the Army of the Rhine 1733. At the siege of Philipsbourg 1734. At the combat of Klausen in 1735.

With the Army of Bavaria at the relief of Braunau 1742. At the defence of Eggenfeld 1743. Returned to the Rhine and at the battle of Rheinweiler. With the Army of the Alps in 1744; its colonel was severely wounded at the taking of Chateau-Dauphin. At the defence of Asti, where the regiment was taken prisoner, 4th March 1746. Exchanged in June 1747 and reformed on the Seyne, and then moved to Gênes where it served until the peace.

Defended the coast of Brittany during the Seven Years War. At the combat of St Cast in 1758; there its colonel was mortally wounded. Disbanded on the 25th November 1762.

And this was the uniform in 1756, as far as I can tell; there may have been a red collar earlier than 1758, when the État Militaire says it had one.

Prague Prussian Flags Project - Flags of Prussian Infantry Regiment 32

Chefs: Major General Joachim Christian von Tresckow, later Lieutenant General, 17th May 1747 to 25th June 1763

Newly raised in 1743, originally as fusiliers, from a garrison battalion and companies.

In 1756 the regiment was with Field Marshal Schwerin's Corps, taking part in the limited fortress attacks along the southern border of Silesia from mid-September to the end of October. In 1757 this Corps went to join the King's Army, which it met on May 6th at Prosek. At the battle of Prague the regiment was part of Hautcharmoy's second attack after the failure of the first line; after breaking through the enemy centre Tresckow took command after Hautcharmoy fell. There was murderous fighting in the Rokenitz Brook and Christopher Duffy, Army of Frederick the Great, 1st Edition, shows IR32 with about 25% casualties. As part of the forces investing Prague after the battle IR32 missed Kolin. After that, with the Duke of Bevern's Corps the regiment suffered badly and behaved ill at Moys on September 7th (as General von Winterfeldt was shot in the back here it is possible, as suggested by Christopher Duffy, that he was shot by his own men, perhaps from this regiment raised largely from understandably disaffected Upper Silesian Catholics!). The regiment then marched to Breslau, leaving that city on November 25th with just one battalion.

With the King's Army in 1758 it was at Domstadtl on June 30th, while the grenadiers under Tresckow had captured the fortress of Schweidnitz by April 16th.

In 1759 it was with the Pomeranian Corps and fought at the bloody defeat of Kay; its commander, Colonel Burkhard von Jagow, was killed there. With only one battalion left it was given the task of securing the Oder crossings to Kunersdorf at Göritz from 11th August. In mid-September the battalion, now under Finck, reached Wunsch's Corps at Torgau. On September 21st it took part in the victory of Korbitz.

In 1760 and 1761, restored to two battalions again, it was part of the garrison of Schweidnitz, its place in the field army taken by garrison regiments. On October 1st 1761 it was captured by Loudon's forces; the troops under the command of von Zastrow had been left by the King with far too few men for the task of holding the fortress.

The regiment was not restored in 1762 and was replaced in 1763 by von Horn's regiment, which had been in Saxony under Prince Friedrich August. In 1784 the King complained: "It doesn't amount to much."

Christopher Duffy says in the Army of Frederick the Great: "First battalion distinguished at Domstadtl but the regiment as a whole performed badly at Moys and Kay, due to the large element of Upper Silesian Catholics. Captured at Schweidnitz 1761 and replaced by the regiment of Horn (formerly no. 56)."

 And this was the uniform in 1756:

 

Flags of yet another unknown Austrian regiment of Charles VI, as probably carried in the 1740s by the army of Maria Theresa

This is another flag which I have recreated from the flag as depicted in the Triomphes de Louis XV, the contemporary source showing flags captured by the French armies in the 1740s. The flag at the top is as depicted in the Triomphes, which seems rather unfinished to me, with the large gap above the eagle making the composition seem very unbalanced. So I have added an Austrian crown and ribbons above the eagle in the second flag down, as well as in the possible Leibfahne design at the bottom.

Flags of French Regiment Penthièvre

For this, my first flag posting of 2022, I have returned to my beloved French flags. A chap with a blog who is raising 14 regiments of French infantry (see: https://prometheusinaspic.blogspot.com/2021/12/wss-first-french-unit.html#comment-form) for the WSS, and using my flags, lacked only these flags so I said I'd do them. Luckily for me the accompanying text is fairly short, so an easy way of easing myself into the flags for a new year!

A Happy New Year to everyone.

This regiment was first raised 1684 for the Comte de Toulouse and known as Toulouse Infantry. Became Penthièvre Infantry on the death of the Comte de Toulouse in 1737 in honour of his son the Duc de Penthièvre.

2 battalions Ranked 67th in 1756.

The flags were the same from 1737-1791; but the flags carried by Toulouse Infantry were almost identical. Charrié says the Toulouse flags had aurore rather than feuille morte but I think the difference is notional.

Susane Volume 7 (my translation): In 1754 the regiment took part in the camp of Aimeries sur Sambre and at the beginning of the war was sent to Brittany, where the Duke of Penthièvre was in command. During the whole of the war the regiment defended the coast of Brittany against threatened attacks by the British, and was very distinguished in the battle of Saint Cast, where the British troops, completely beaten, were obliged to re-embark with haste under the fire of our artillery. Major de Vangelas, appointed lieutenant colonel in 1762, and Captain Mons were wounded in that fight. At the peace Penthièvre was sent to La Rochelle and the islands of l'Aunis.

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Some Seasonal Silliness: The guidon of Santa's Own Light Cavalry

 This is a British-style light cavalry guidon for Santa's Own Light Cavalry:

And I added a British heavy cavalry-style standard of Santa's Heavies to my long-neglected Tippelbruder blog here: http://freistadttippelbruder.blogspot.com/2021/12/one-more-bit-of-seasonal-silliness.html

Prague Prussian Flags Project - Flags of Prussian Fusilier Infantry Regiment 40

The garishly pink flags of IR40 seem suitably festive for my Christmas posting. I wish everyone a Happy Xmas and New Year. More to come soon including more of the Austrian WAS flags.

Chefs: 1st May 1750 Colonel Johann Friedrich von Kreytzen, brother of the previous chef, later Lieutenant General; 7th April 1759 Major General Georg Carl Gottlieb von der Gabelentz, later Lieutenant General, to 1777

Regiment given to Prussia in 1740 by Duke Wilhelm Heinrich of Saxe-Eisenach, who was its first chef to his death in 1741.

 It was with the Corps of Field Marshal Count von Schwerin in 1756. In April it marched to Bunzlau as part of General von Puttkamer's Advance Guard and took the magazine there on April 26th. On May 6th it was part of the failed left wing attack at Prague, but had fewer than 20% casualties (Christopher Duffy, Army of Frederick the Great, 1st Edition, henceforth AFG1). In the battle of Kolin on 18th June it struggled towards Brzezan under heavy artillery fire and near the end of the battle was attacked by the Austrian cavalry, as was the First Guard Battalion alongside which it was fighting. Around 6pm it was at Planjan helping to keep the escape route to Nimburg open for the routed Prussian army. Losses were at least 30% (AFG1). At Schweidnitz under the command of Grumbkow it launched an attack that took 400 prisoners but after the loss of several forts to the enemy the regiment was captured on November 12th. Its chef Colonel von der Gabelentz refused to sign the capitulation. While it was on its way to captivity in Brünn the grenadiers were fighting on the right wing at Leuthen (with those of IR33).

The regiment was returned in 1758 and reorganised at Landeshut by July and then sent to join Dohna's Corps at Frankfurt on 31st July, moving to west of Küstrin on August 17th. At Zorndorf on August 25th both battalions were on Dohna's Wing, the second battalion covered the greta battery on the right wing, where it was attacked by Russian cavalry on the flank. Surrounded and having lost two flags it was saved by the counter attack under Seydlitz and Schorlemmer. The King was "highly satisfied" with its performance. The grenadiers were captured on the left wing at Hochkirch, and at the same time the musketeer battalions marched to the Mulde and fought at Torgau and Eilenberg in November.

With the Pomeranian Corps in 1759 the regiment suffered heavy losses at Kay in repeated attacks on the Palzig Heights, so much so that at Kunersdorf on August 11th-12th it was used to guard the Oder bridges at Görtz. By the end of September it was in Saxony again.

In 1760 it was part of the failed siege of Dresden and then in Silesia it served on the left wing at Liegnitz on August 15th.

In 1761 the regiment was part of the advance towards Poland and was camped with the King at Bunzelwitz.

In 1762 it was in action at the recapture of Schweidnitz from August 8th to October 10th.

In 1784 the King said that the men hardly resembled soldiers and was even ruder about the regiment in 1785.

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Rossbach French Flags Project - Flags of French German Regiment Saint Germain

First raised 1st July 1747. Colonel Le Comte de Saint-Germain.

One  battalion. Rank 114th in the SYW.

This was a short-lived German regiment which does not seem to have especially distinguished itself in the 13 years of its existence. Apart from the Kronoskaf account, I have found little detailed information on its history. Still, the flags are attractive ones. (I have taken some of the detail from the 1757 MS e.g. the white border to the central device on the Ordonnance flag.)

1748 Flanders: Siege of Maastricht

1755 On the coast of Flanders

1756 In the Camp at Dunkirk

1757 Germany with the Army of the Lower Rhine under Maréchal d'Estrées. At Hastenbeck on July 26th.  Eventually transferred to the army of Soubise and was at Rossbach 5th November 1757. (Christopher Duffy's detailed account of the battle makes no mention of the regiment suggesting its performance there was less than spectacular.)

1758 the regiment was with Clermont's army in Germany but was then transferred to Soubise's army by July. In October it was at the battle of Lutterberg in the centre of the first line. According to Kronoskaf, on 1st December the regiment pulled off a coup when it captured the town of St Goar, some troops having scaled the walls to take it and capturing 50 prisoners. It then went on to summon and take the castle of Rheinfels, making its 700 strong garrison prisoners.

1759 In April it was at the battle of Bergen, supporting the artillery. With the main French army under the Marquis de Contades in western Germany, it fought at Minden on 1st August under its colonel the Comte de St Germain. It and other regiments of the Anhalt Brigade covered the retreat of the French army.

Incorporated in Nassau Infantry in January 1760 as its third battalion.

I have taken the uniform details from the 1757 MS which shows the coat unlaced. Here is the uniform in 1756:

Prague Prussian Flags Project - Flags of Prussian Infantry Regiment 17 von Manteuffel

First raised 1693.

Chef:  from 20th July 1756 Major General Gerd Heinrich von Manteuffel, later Lieutenant General, to 1764

The regiment fought at Lobositz October 2nd 1756 with the King's Army, exchanging fire with the Croats on the Lobosch Hill for five hours until it ran out of ammunition. The Austrians counter-attacked around 1pm and the regiment responded with clubbed muskets and bayonets. Welhotta was captured and nine fresh Austrian battalions driven back into Lobositz itself. Regimental losses were heavy; Christopher Duffy, Army of Frederick the Great, 1st Edition, henceforth AFG1, shows about 25% casualties.

At Prague on May 6th 1757 the regiment was on the right wing between the Hlaupetin Ridge and the ravine of the Rokenitz Brook. AFG1 reports that: "Warnery says of these grenadiers [those of IR 17 and IR22's combined battalion] at Prague that they were "the only ones who did not open fire but pressed home the attack at bayonet point! After all they were Pomeranians ... who are beyond doubt the best infantry in the world"." At the battle of Kolin 18th June the regiment was ordered to march to the left, after the army broke through on the Krzeczhorz Heights, to maintain control of the area but the command did not reach them. The regiment stood fast for 30 minutes at Chozenitz along with IR 20 under General von Manstein, swept by artillery fire and musketry, where it helped to protect the retreat of the beaten left wing of the army. Kolin AFG1 shows at least 30% casualties. The regiment then fought at Moys on 7th September where General von Winterfeldt was killed, possibly shot in the back by his own troops, some of whom were Saxons forcibly enlisted after Pirna. On November 22nd the regiment was caught up in the defeat at Breslau. At Leuthen (and also Rossbach and Zorndorf later) only the grenadier battalion was present; AFG1 shows 25% casualties at Leuthen and 50% at Zorndorf.

On March 15th 1760 the regiment was highly distinguished in a fight against very heavy odds. Under Lieutenant General Baron von der Goltz the regiment was escorting a convoy from Neustadt to Steinau and was attacked by the Austrian General Loudon who had 3000 cavalry, 2000 Croats and 1900 grenadiers. Twice the regiment refused a demand to surrender. Von der Goltz reported that "they commenced to hack at us six times but did not succeed once". The Prussians reportedly lost only 35 dead, 43 captured and 79 wounded, and claimed to have killed or wounded 800 of the Austrian attackers. The King gave six Pour-le-merite medals in thanks and wrote "I hope that other generals take a good example from this action, for this is the old Prussian way of defending oneself successfully even against vast enemy superiority. Convey my compliments to the officers of Manteuffel in my name. They have acted in our old, honourable way, and not according to the  infamous modern example of other folk". Loudon said there were no Prussian deserters "because the regiment consists of native-born Pomeranians". At Torgau on November 3rd of the same year the regiment was part of the second main attack under General von Bülow against the Zinna Heights and captured four cannon but suffered 1000 casualties, half its numbers.

In 1761 the regiment was with Prince Heinrich in Saxony. At Freiberg on October 29th 1762 it fought under Major General von Alt-Stutterheim against the enemy right wing, and pushed it back to the south along the Spittelwald by clever use of the terrain, reportedly.

Christopher Duffy says: "A good Pomeranian regiment, distinguished at Soor, Prague and Neustadt 15 March 1760."

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Flags of yet another unknown Austrian regiment of Charles VI, as probably carried in the 1740s by the army of Maria Theresa

The top flag is taken from the contemporary source showing Austrian flags as carried in the 1740s. The bottom two are hypothetical but quite possible Leibfahnen. Many Leibfahnen carried in the War of the Spanish Succession simply had the same pattern as the Ordinair-fahnen but with the main background colour of the flag as white. However, some also carried a small image of the Virgin and Child in a cartouche in the centre, as I have shown here in the final flag.