The '45: Jacobite Flags of Ogilvy's Forfarshire Regiment, 2nd Battalion, the Camerons and Gordon of Glenbucket's Regiment

Here are three more flags of the Jacobites in the '45. The history of the Ogilvy Regiment can be found in my previous post of the probable 1st Battalion flag.

I have produced flags with the heraldic emblem reversed on the reverse of the flags as well as flags with the emblems not reversed, as I do not know which was actually used. So, you can choose which you use!

 

Gordon of Glenbuckets [some authors spell it Glenbuchats]

An important leader, old Gordon of Glenbucket recruited his regiment in Strathbogie and the eastern glens. It may have been 300 strong at that stage. The regiment was with the Jacobite army in its invasion of England, although one company was lost as part of the garrison of Carlisle. It missed Falkirk as it was serving in the trenches at the siege of Stirling Castle. It was present at Culloden, where it ended up near the left flank of the first line having been initially in reserve, and it was probably disbanded at Ruthven on 18th April 1746.

Clan Cameron

The first clan to be raised for the Prince's army and also one of the strongest. Colonel Donald Cameron the younger of Locheil (acting chief of the clan) took some persuading to join the rising but once persuaded was a strong supporter of the cause.  The Camerons had many branches and so the regiment became one of the largest and most efficient in the army. It was in all the major actions. At Prestonpans it was up to 600 strong. Ludovic Cameron of Torcastle brought a further 450 men to reinforce the regiment. At Culloden they were 400 strong (according to Duffy, Fight For A Throne) but others say it was 600 strong, and they were stationed near the right flank of the first line. They made a fierce onset and suffered heavy casualties in the battle. The regiment was not disbanded until 27th May 1746.

The '45: Jacobite Flag of the Manchester Regiment (and a possible Prince's standard)

The Jacobite Manchester Regiment:

Raised in Lancashire and Manchester with a nucleus of officers from the Duke of Perth's Regiment, this was the only largely English regiment in the Jacobite army, and it was commanded by Colonel Francis Townley, a Catholic who had served in the French army. At its peak it was about 300 men and marched to Derby but many men were lost by desertion on the retreat and as it then joined the garrison of Carlisle (by which time it was only about 115 strong) it was lost when the city was surrendered on 30th December 1745. Despite apparently being promised clemency, an example was made of the survivors in order to deter other English supporters of the Jacobite cause. Townley and almost all his officers and NCOs were hanged, drawn and quartered (a brutal and theatrical mediaeval punishment designed to intimidate), and the surviving rank and file were mostly deported to the colonies to serve as slaves.

A witness at Townley's show trial said that the regiment's colours had the words Liberty and Property on one side and Church and Country on the other, possibly on a St George's red cross.

The Jacobite flags captured at Culloden were burned by the public hangman in Edinburgh and we have a list of those burned - but the descriptions are not very complete. A few Jacobite flags still survive, as do descriptions of  a few others no longer in existence.

The red flag bordered blue with a central white square may have been one of the Prince's standards:

Flags of the Piedmontese Guards in the 1740s

First raised in 1636 by Duke Charles Emmanuel II as the Regiment de la Garde or Regiment aux Gardes. From 1704 and through the reign of Charles Emmanuel III it had two battalions.

The regiment fought in the War of the Polish Succession. It was heavily involved in the War of the Austrian Succession. In 1742 it was in N E Italy in the Po plains. In September that year it advanced to the Alps from where it then fought in Savoy as part of the advance against an invading Spanish army. In January 1743 it returned to Piedmont to await the Franco-Spanish invasion of Piedmont. In the mountains around Casteldelfino it was involved in a bitter struggle against an enemy column on the 8th October. In 1744 it fought with other units at the redoubt of Monte Cavallo on the 19th July. The 2nd battalion was fortunate to lose only 36 men. Both battalions were at the battle of Madonna dell'Olmo on the 30th September 1744. They were on the right wing, the position of honour, in the first line. Enemy cavalry attacks were driven off. In 1745 the Gardes were again on the right wing of the Sardinian line at the battle of Bassignano on the 27th September. In 1746 they were part of Leutrum's counter attack and fought under the walls of the city of Valenza 17th April to 3rd of May. Both battalions fought in the south-west in the Mediterranean theatre and the 1st battalion was employed in the Provence offensive. The 2nd battalion fought at the siege of the fort of Priamar in Savona from he 1st to the 18th December 1746 followed by the siege of Genoa; on the 21st May 1747 along with Regiment Piemont it fought off an enemy attack at Madonna della Misericordia. From there it was sent protect the southern frontier of Piedmont. The 1st battalion was recalled from Provence to the Alpine frontier to oppose a French army crossing the Montegeneve. At the battle of the Assietta Ridge on the 19th July 17147 the battalion held the centre of the line.

This was the uniform in the 1750s; the 1740s uniform was very similar, with yellow lace on the tricorne and coat and waistcoat, and brass buttons.

Flags of Spanish Infantry Regiment Zamora 1728-1768

Descended from a tercio first raised April 1580. Very busy in the late 16th and through the 17th centuries.

With the French army in the War of the Spanish Succession. In 1706 it was at Ramillies and later capitulated at Ostend in July that year. It went to Spain in 1710. The 1st battalion went to Catalonia and the 2nd to Old Castile. The two battalions were reunited in 1713 and were stationed in Extremadura until September 1716. Became the Regimiento de Zamora in 1715.

The regiment garrisoned Pescara in 1734 at the beginning of the War of the Polish Succession. It joined the main Spanish army in Tuscany in 1735. In 1736 in returned to Spain.

In the War of the Austrian Succession the 2nd battalion served with the fleet and was in the naval combat of Cap Sicié near Toulon. It then returned to Ceuta. In 1745 the regiment went to Camp Gibraltar and in 1746 returned to Africa, where the 2nd battalion was in garrison at Ceuta. In 1748 the regiment went to Cadiz. After garrison duty at Oran in 1751-4 the regiment returned to Cadiz.

During the Seven Years War the regiment marched towards the Portugusese border to join the Spanish army gathering there and commanded by the Marquis de Sarria. The 2 battalions took up their quarters in villages near Ciudad Rodrigo. As part of the brigade of the Count de Maceda the regiment took part in the siege and capture of Almeida on 25th August. Then as part of the brigade of Ribaguero the regiment advanced to Salvatierra, which place surrendered on 9th September. The fortified town of Segura surrendered shortly after. Operations ended shortly after.

Ranked 8th in the Seven Years War.

[Information summarised from the Kronoskaf account which has much more detail on the earlier history of the regiment. I've also had a look at the very full mid-19th century source which Kronoskaf uses and it was gratifying to see that even with my rusty schoolboy Spanish (from over 50 years ago!) I could make sense of much of it. Isn't it amazing what arcane material can be found on the 'Net these days!]

And this was the uniform in 1759:

The '45: Jacobite Flag of Ogilvy's Forfarshire Regiment

This regiment was a relatively large unit, raised mostly in Angus by Lord David Ogilvy, heir to the House of Airlie. The regiment was up to 500 strong when it marched into England but soon suffered from large-scale desertion, according to Christopher Duffy (Fight For A Throne, 2nd ed.). In the meantime Lieutenant Colonel Sir James Kinloch raised a second battalion in the original recruiting area. The two battalions served together at Falkirk 17th January 1746 in the second line, where they were roughly handled by some enemy dragoons, nearly lost a flag and were helped by the Menzies to repel the dragoons. At Culloden 16th April 1746 they were again in the second line and they retired with relatively few casualties. When the Jacobite army dispersed on 19th April 1746 at Ruthven they went home as a still disciplined unit and eventually disbanded in Glen Cova on the 21st April. Another flag associated with this unit bears the Kinloch arms.

 

I have many finished flags waiting for their text, most of which need long screeds, so I am posting this with its mercifully short text to keep things ticking over here...

The Reichsarmee: Flags Of Palatinate Regiment Pfalz-Zweibrücken

Properly the Oberreinisches Kreisregiment Pfalz-Zweibrücken

This was a Palatinate regiment of two battalions, consisting of 18 fusilier companies but no grenadier company.

In 1757 the regiment was with the Reichsarmee in Thuringia and Saxony. After the Reichsarmee had combined with the French in August 1757, Soubise, the French commander assessed the quality of the Reichsarmee units and rated Pfalz-Zweibrücken as "Bad". The regiment was made up from 33 separate contingents. (Nominal strength was 1,708 but in May 1758, for instance, there were 1,243 in the 2 battalions and each battalion had 2 3 pounder cannon.) Duffy in his book Prussia's Glory recounts how the Reichsarmee and French, who were holding Weissenfels and its important bridge, were caught napping on the 31st October and it was more by luck than judgement that they were able to burn the bridge before the Prussians could take it. Duffy records that Pfalz-Zweibrücken lost 440 men in the action. The regiment missed Rossbach as it had been sent to Freiburg before the battle. It was with the Prince of Pfalz-Zweibrücken in the campaign in Franconia and Saxony in 1758 and again in 1759. On September 21st that year it was probably at the combat of Korbitz in Stolberg's Division. (It was also under his command in 1758.) In 1761 it was again in Saxony.

And this was the uniform in 1756:

And one further flag of Charles VI as carried by the army of Maria Theresa in the 1740s - now with Leibfahnen!

I have been asked in the comments by Der Alte Fritz for a speculative Leibfahne to go with this flag from the Triomphes Louis XV. So, here are two! I rather enjoy the chance to go all ImagiNations... ;-)

 

Speculative Ordinairfahne of Hungarian Regiments Raised 1741-2

As I have not been able to post anything for two weeks and as it is my 68th birthday today, I thought I had better post something to keep things ticking over here.

Luckily I have a little something that does not require much text. (I have a big backlog of flags waiting for their texts to be written.)

This is my speculative version of the Ordinairfahne of Hungarian regiments raised 1741-2. All we know is that the base colour was red. No other design details are known but it is highly likely that the flags followed what we think of as the classic Austrian  flag design of the reign of Maria Theresa.

S. Summerfield in his Austrian Infantry of the Seven Years War (2nd Edition) lists the following six Hungarian regiments as having been raised in 1741: IR2 Erzherzog Karl; IR31 Haller; IR32 Forgách; IR33 Nicolaus Esterházy; IR37 Josef Esterházy; and IR52 Bethlen. So any (or all) of these could carry this red flag in the WAS.

I must also finish and post the 1741 version of the Leibfahne; I have not yet been able to complete the Madonna figure on the flag to my satisfaction...

And one further flag of Charles VI as carried by the army of Maria Theresa in the 1740s

Again from the Triomphes of Louis XV, here is another of the flags of Charles VI as carried by the army of Maria Theresa. Like the others I have depicted it was captured by the French army and so we luckily have an illustration of it so we can recreate it.

I suspect from the heraldry that it may be of an Austrian Italian regiment but I would be happy to be corrected if someone knows better.

I am near the end of the Charles VI flags as depicted in the Triomphes, with only two more to recreate. Both are like this one, with complex heraldry, so as this one seems to have taken me forever to finish I have no idea when I shall be able to create them! As, however, I have seen very few of my previous Charles VI flags in action (a broad hint!) I see no urgency anyway... ;-)

Flag of the Prussian Pioneer Regiment (later converted to a Fusilier Regiment as IR49)

For more on this regiment, see my previous post of the later flags of IR49 (below). I repeat below some of the information I posted there showing where this flag was probably carried by the regiment during the Seven Years War, including at the battle of Zorndorf.

The ground colour of the flags was the same for both this unusual flag and the later flags carried by the fusilier regiment.

Even before conversion to an ordinary infantry regiment, the unit had been used in various ways. After the defeat at Kolin in 1757 its First Battalion was sent to defend the important magazine at Zittau. On July 23rd 150 men of the unit were captured in the burning city with their commander, Colonel von Diericke.

In 1758 it joined the King's Army and was used in the siege and capture of Schweidnitz in April and then at the unsuccessful siege of Olmütz. On August 25th at Zorndorf it performed heroically and attacked two enemy batteries, capturing two howitzers and six powder wagons. (Duffy, Army of Frederick the Great, 1st Edition (henceforth AFG1) shows at least 35% casualties in both battalions.) It was then with the Pomeranian Corps under Dohna, observing the Russians while the King moved away. On November 26th it officially became a fusilier regiment and Major General von Diericke became its chef.

Work in progress: New list of all the miscellaneous flags on the blog, added alongside the lists of French and Prussian flags in the top left column

The format of a blog is not helpful for finding previous posts and I have often been asked about creating flags that are in fact already on the blog. I've begun work on adding a list of all the other miscellaneous flags on my blog to the lists of French and Prussian flags which can be found in the top left of the side column on the blog. It is work in progress as there are many flags to list; so far, it lists Spanish infantry flags and Austrian early War of the Austrian Succession flags. Eventually it will list every flag on the blog that is not French or Prussian!

I shall also be listing flags which I have created already but are waiting for their text to be written before I post them. People who are desperately in need of those flags can then send me a message asking me to email them the flag(s) they need.

Standard of French Irish Regiment Fitz-James Cavalry

Most of the French cavalry standards are blue or red with gold embroidery so it is refreshing to find a yellow standard with silver; this is also an interesting unit for having served in the '45 on the Jacobite side. Many wargamers depict this unit, whose uniform is also an attractive one. The flag is a slight cheat, as we do not know the emblem on the reverse of the standard, so it is given the usual sun emblem and motto.

Raised first 1691 as Roi d'Angleterre by James II from Jacobite exiles in France. It fought in the battle of Landen in 1693. In 1698 it was incorporated in the French army.

Standard carried from 1740-1762.

During the War of the Spanish Succession it served in Germany then Italy where it was in the battle of Luzzara in 1702. Back in Germany it was at the sieges of Brisach and Landau in 1703. Then in Flanders it was at Ramillies 1706, Oudenarde 1708, Malplaquet 1709, Denain 1712 and then the siege of Douai 1712. In 1713 it was back on the Rhine and at the sieges of Landau and Freiburg.

Served on the Rhine in the War of the Polish Succession.

During the War of the Austrian Succession the regiment was at first with the Army of Bohemia. It was in Alsace in 1743. In Flanders 1745 it took part in the sieges of Tournai, Oudenarde and Termonde. In that year the regiment was sent to Scotland to help Bonnie Prince Charlie in the '45. 3 of its 4 squadrons were captured at sea but the remaining squadron reached Scotland and served at Culloden. Christopher Duffy in His Fight For A Throne: The Jacobite '45 Reconsidered says that the surviving squadron reached Aberdeen on 22nd February 1745; it consisted of about 130 officers and men but lacked horses. He says they counted as cuirassiers, the only such unit on either side in the 45. "Its needs were given priority an dit apporiated the mounts of Kilmarnock's Horseguards. Hard - though valuable - service reduced FitzJames's effectives to about 70 by the time of Culloden, where they were positioned alongside Elcho's Lifeguards on the right wing of the second line. Apart from their iron breastplates - painted black - the Irish troopers (in their red coats) were uniformed almost identically with the enemy dragoons and light horse." Near the end of the battle they probably help shield the retreating right wing of the Jacobite army from their pursuers. Having been captured at Inverness the survivors were repatriated to France and the regiment remade. Sent to Flanders it was at the battle of Rocoux in 1746, Lauffeld in 1747 then at the siege of Bergen op Zoom. In 1748 it was at the siege of Maastricht.

In 1756 the regiment was 2 squadrons strong and ranked 56th. It was disbanded on 21st December 1762.

In late 1757 the regiment joined the Army of Saxony led by the Prince de Soubise. Christopher Duff in his Prussia's Glory calls them "disorderly (and very well paid)". At Rossbach on November 5th, along with the regiments of Bourbon, Beauvoisis and Rougrave, all commanded by the Comte de Mailly, the regiment initially stood its ground against the first Prussian cavalry attack until they were eventually swept away. Duffy reports that "the Fitz-James Regiment had lost two standards and its drums (probably from being amongst the last to leave the field, as at Culloden in 1746)".

In 1758 the regiment joined the army of the Comte de Clermont on the Lower Rhine but later in the year was employed guarding the coast.

In 1760 the regiment was with Broglie's army and may have been with Camille's cavalry corps which was just too late for the combat of Corbach.

On 24th June 1762 the regiment was badly cut up as part of the rearguard after the battle of Wilhelmstahl.

[Text based mostly on Kronoskaf plus the two Duffy volumes mentioned.]

The two uniform plates show the dress with and without the bearskin that is mentioned from 1755.

And these are either probable flags on the way (Piedmontese) or possibles (the Genoese):

Flags of French German Regiment Nassau

Originally of one battalion. Ranked 108th in 1753 but 110th in 1759.

First raised by the Prince of Nassau-Saarbrück 1st November 1745. The Prince had asked for the commission on behalf of his son Louis who was still too young and obtained a brevet the 4th February 1746 to command the regiment until his son was of age.

The regiment first saw action in 1746 at the sieges of Mons and Charleroi. It covered the operations of the siege of Namur and was then at the battle of Rocoux. On the 1st July 1747 it was at the battle of Lauffeld and increased to 3 battalions by an order of that date. In 1748 it was before Maastricht with Alsace. An Ordonnance of 1st February 1749 reduced it to two battalions.

In 1757 the regiment was ordered to join the Army of Germany. It arrived in Cologne at the end of April, fought at Hastenbeck and then went to Hanover with Marshal de Richelieu. It assisted in the taking of Minden and Hanover and then took part in the expeditions sent to Closterseven and Zell. Returning to the Rhine at the beginning of 1758, it stayed at Cologne where it was incorporated, by an Ordonnance of 20th March, with the regiment of Nassau-Usingen. That regiment, which had also been created on the 1st November 1745, but which had seniority, formed the 1st battalion of the new unit, whose command was given to Prince Louis of Nassau-Saarbrück, and took the title of Nassau.

Nassau remained at Cologne the whole of the 1758 campaigning season. The following year [1759] it was at the battle of Bergen in the ranks of the reserve. Raised to 3 battalions on the 18th January 1760 by the incorporation of the German regiment of Saint-Germain, it took part in the campaign in Hesse and took up winter quarters in Ziegenheim. Attacked in the month of February 1761 in this town, which the Allies almost destroyed with red hot cannonballs, they successfully held the place for three weeks and gave time for Marshal de Broglie to come to their rescue. Their valour was crowned with success; the enemy decamped on the 25th February.

Nassau was also distinguished again that year at the battle of Vellinghausen. It was part of the advance guard brigade commanded by Monsieur de Clozen and captured three enemy cannon. Colonel-Commandant the Baron de Zügmantel was praised for his conduct. Lieutenant-Colonel Oëh was similarly praised for his conduct at the combat of Osterode on the 2nd September. In 1762 the regiment served in the defence of Cassel which capitulated on the 1st November. It returned to France and on the 21st December was reduced to two battalions. At the peace of 1763 the regiment went into garrison at Metz.

[The above is my translation of the account of the regiment's history 1745-1763 in Susane Volume 7.]

And this was the uniform according to the manuscript of 1757:

The Reichsarmee: speculative flags of the Kurmainz Infantry Regiment

Disclaimer: As Kronoskaf points out, we have no information on the flags carried by this unit, so these flags are entirely speculative and versions can be found floating about on the Internet; the one with the cipher RK has been used by many wargamers but I have also provided a possibly more plausible version with the eagle represented on both sides of the regimental flag.

Kurmainz was created from drafts of men from at least 2 (and possibly 3) of the Mainz Infantry Regiments for the duration of the war. It was a strong regiment, of 4 battalions with 2 grenadier companies and 8 3-pounder guns. As a single contingent unit it was one of the best of the Reichsarmee units; Soubise in 1757 rated it as "good".

Cogswell in Zweybrücken In Command gives various tables listing the Kurmainz Regiment, which suggest that only 3 of the 4 battalions were in the field. In May 1758 the 4 battalions had a nominal strength of 2524 but an actual strength of 2260. From the end of March to the 19th April only 3 battalions are listed for Mainz and so it is for the rest of the campaign year of 1758. The 2 grenadier companies had around 200 men in total.

The regiment was lucky to avoid Rossbach in November 1757, as it was on detached duty on the Saale River. Kronoskaf says that as its original composition was diluted with raw recruits so the unit quality deteriorated and its performance was consequently erratic.

In 1758 the regiment served with the Reichsarmee in Bohermia and then Saxony; one battalion was in garrison in Erfurt.

In 1759 the regiment ran away with the rest of the Reichsarmee infantry at the battle of Zinna (or 1st Torgau) on Septemebr 8th; the only Reichsarmee unit to behave well that day was the consistently excellent battalion of Hessen-Darmstadt. Mainz was at Korbitz on September 21st and Maxen on November 20th, at neither of which does it seem to have performed any important duty.

In 1760 the regiment was at the messy and inconclusive combat of Strehla on August 20th. Later it participated in the defence of Dresden.

In 1761 it was in Saxony. Its moment of glory was at Freiberg on October 29th 1762; as part of the left flank division of Mayern it helped delay the Prussian attack by Seydlitz and Kleist for a considerable time (see Duffy, By Force Of Arms).

The regiment was disbanded in 1763.

This was the uniform in 1756:

Flags and uniform of Prussian Ex-Saxon Regiment IR 59

And here are the last flags of the ex-Saxon regiments. I'll be taking a break from Prussian flags for a while now!

Formerly Saxon Regiment Prinz Maximilian Infantry, after the surrender at Pirna in October 1756 this regiment became Prussian IR59, and was made  the garrison of Wittenberg.

Its commander from November 1756 to 1st August 1757 was nominally Prince Friedrich Wilhelm von Preussen but the actual commander was Lieutenant-Colonel von Plotho.

From April to June 1757 the regiment was with the Prussian army which invaded Bohemia and was then made the garrison of Leitmeritz. On August 1st, after many desertions, the regiment was disbanded at Pirna and the surviving men distributed amongst other Prussian regiments.

[Again the short account is taken from details in Kronoskaf.]

Once again here are two versions of the flags, the ones below with the new improved eagle.

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Flags and uniform of Prussian Ex-Saxon Regiment IR 58

The penultimate ex-Saxon Prussian regiment flags!

Formerly Saxon Regiment Prinz Clemens Infantry, after the surrender at Pirna in October 1756 this regiment became Prussian IR58, and was made  the garrison of Halberstadt.

Its commander was Major-General Count E. B. von Flemming, January 1757 to October 1757.

Having had many desertions in 1757 the regiment was disbanded in October that year and the surviving troops absorbed into the Pomeranian Provincial troops at Stettin.

[Again the short account is taken from details in Kronoskaf.]

Once again here are two versions of the flags, the ones below with the new improved eagle.

 

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Flags and uniform of Prussian Ex-Saxon Regiment IR 57

Formerly Saxon Regiment Prinz Xaver Infantry, after the surrender at Pirna in October 1756 this regiment became Prussian IR57, and was made  the garrisons of Krossen and Kotbus.

Its commander was Major-General Karl Duke of Braunschweig-Bevern (aka Jung Bevern).

On March 28th 1757 the 2nd battalion threw off its new forced allegiance and escaped to Poland, followed by the 1st battalion on the 30th March. (Presumably this involved the process described in Duffy Army of Frederick the Great which I recounted in my previous post about IRs 55 and 56: "Over the course of the following months the Saxon troops defected by entire battalions at a time. "Most of the battalions in question, after they had chased their commanders away or shot them, withdrew with full military formalities. They took with them their bread and ammunition carts, their regimental chests and all the other items of their baggage, and they either marched to Poland or broke through to the French".

 The regiment was reraised with new men but on November 12th the new 1st battalion surrendered at Schweidnitz and the 2nd battalion was lost on the retreat from Breslau. The regiment was not raised again.

[Again the short account is taken from details in Kronoskaf.]

Once again here are two versions of the flags, the ones below with the new improved eagle.

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Flags and uniform of Prussian Ex-Saxon Regiment IR 54

Formerly Saxon Regiment Prinz Gotha Infantry, after the surrender at Pirna in October 1756 this regiment became Prussian IR54 stationed in Magdeburg.

Its commander was Major-General W. von Saldern to December 1758 then Baron E. F. von Plotho to February 1763.

Once again here are two versions of the flags, the ones below with the new improved eagle.

The regiment seems to have remained as the garrison of Magdeburg for the whole of the Seven Years War. By the end of 1757 it was one of the very few remaining ex-Saxon regiments in the Prussian army. It was disbanded on February 16th 1763 and the men were used to build up Prussian IR 33 Fouqué, which had been captured at Landeshut in 1760.

[Again the short account is taken from Kronoskaf.]


And this was the uniform in 1756:

Flags and uniform of Prussian Ex-Saxon Regiment IR 53

Formerly Saxon Regiment Minckwitz Infantry, after the surrender at Pirna in October 1756 this regiment became Prussian IR53 stationed in Frankfurt an der Oder.

Its commander was Major-General C. H. von Manstein to September 1757.

Here are two versions of the flags, the one below with an improved detailed eagle. At the size most people will print these out I suppose no-one will notice, except me. I shall continue to produce versions with the old unimproved flag for consistency with my "back catalogue" but will probably/possibly produce alternative versions with the new improved eagle as well.

The 2nd battalion took part in the invasion of Bohemia in April 1757 and on May 6th was taken prisoner at Brandeis. The 1st battalion went to Stettin and was absorbed into the Pomeranian Provincial regiments in September of that year.

[Again the short account is taken from Kronoskaf.]

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Flags and uniform of French Regiment Nice

This was a regiment with an interesting flag but which did not do much in the Seven Years War, although it had a strong combat record in the late 17th century and in the War of the Spanish Succession.

First raised 1678 by  the Marquis de Saint-Laurent from sergeants and soldiers of Savoyen Ducal regiments, of Saluces, of Savoy, of Chablais and Geneva, reformed this year.

The flags were the same from 1678-1762.

Campaigns and battles:

1690  Battle of Fleurus (July 1st)
1691: Siege of Mons
1692: Siege of Namur; battle of Steenkirk (August 3rd)
1693: Battle of Neerwinden (July 29th); siege of Charleroi
1695: Defence of Namur. Served on the Meuse and Moselle until the peace
1702: Army of Germany
1703: Taking of Treves and Traërbach,; sieges of Brisach and Landau; battle of Speyerbach (November 15th)
1704: Hochstedt [Blenheim] (August 13th)
1705: Army of Flanders
1706: Ramillies (May 23rd)
1708: Oudenaarde (July 11th)
1709: Defence of Mons
1710: Defence of Aire; Flanders until the peace
1733: Army of Germany; siege of Kehl
1734: Siege of Philippsburg (June 2nd - July 18th)
1741: Army of Bohemia; taking of Prague
1742: Combat of Sahay; defence and retreat from Prague
1743: Dettingen (June 27th)
1744: Army of the Lower Rhine; siege of Fribourg
1746: Army of Flanders; taking of Mons and Charleroi; battle of Rocoux (October 11th)
1747: Lawfeld (July 2nd)
1748: Siege of Maestricht
1755: Camp of Valencia
1756: Menorca Expedition
1757: Defence of the coasts of Brittany
1761: Defence of Belle-Isle

10th December 1762 the two battalions of the Nice regiment were incorporated into the Lyonnois regiment.

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Flags and uniform of Prussian Ex-Saxon Regiment IR 52

Formerly Saxon Regiment Garde zu Fuss, after the surrender at Pirna in October 1756 the regiment became Prussian IR52 in Magdeburg.

Its first commander was B. S. von Blanckensee followed by Major-General J. F. von Oldenburg from February to July 1757.

There were many desertions from the regiment in the winter of 1756-7.

It took part in the invasion of Bohemia in April 1757. On July 26th the regiment was disbanded at Pirna and the remaining men distributed amongst other Prussian infantry regiments.

[Again the short account is taken from Kronoskaf.]

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Flags and uniform of Prussian Ex-Saxon Regiment IR 51

Formerly Saxon Regiment Graf Brühl, after the surrender at Pirna in October 1756 this regiment became Prussian IR51 and was stationed in Torgau as garrison there.

Its commander was Major-General Baron von Wylich und Diersfort.

It took part in the invasion of Bohemia in April 1757. In May it was ordered to garrison the towns of Aussig and Tetschen. On July 22nd two companies were captured at Schreckenstein near Aussig. The regiment was disbanded on August 1st at Pirna and the remaining men went to regiments IR3, IR10 and IR27. [My paraphrase and slight condensation of text from Kronoskaf.]

And this was the uniform in 1756:

Flags and uniform of Prussian Ex-Saxon Regiment IR 50

As something of a completist, and also because I feel the flags are actually rather attractive, I have decided to do the rest of the ex-Saxon regiments "borrowed" only temporarily by Frederick. Here is IR50, formerly Saxon Regiment Rochow Fusiliers.

From October 15th 1756 to July 30th 1757 it was commanded by Major-General L. F. L. von Wietersheim.

 

IR 50 was made the garrison of Halle in October 1756. In 1757 it accompanied Frederick's army for the invasion of Bohemia. On 30th July 1757 the regiment was disbanded after a large number of desertions and the remaining men were drafted into Prussian infantry regiments 7, 29, 35, 36 and 41.

 And this was the uniform in 1756:

 

Flags and uniforms of Prussian Ex-Saxon Regiments IRs 55 and 56

I was recently asked to do the flags of these two units so am posting them here in case there is anyone else keen to respresent them on the tabletop!

When Frederick finally forced the surrender of almost the entire Saxon army near Pirna on the 17th October 1756, "he announced that he intended to incorporate the Saxon regiments as intact units into the Prussian army". "The Saxon troopers were scattered among the Prussian horse but altogether ten regiments of Saxon infantry were taken over entire and shared among the generals .... Frederick had certainly counted on some individual desertions from the ex-Saxon units, but over the course of the following months the Saxon troops defected by entire battalions at a time. "Most of the battalions in question, after they had chased their commanders away or shot them, withdrew with full military formalities. They took with them their bread and ammunition carts, their regimental chests and all the other items of their baggage, and they either marched to Poland or broke through to the French". By the end of 1757 Frederick was left with just three regiments of infantry and one grenadier battalion, and even these were mostly composed of recruits who had been raised individually in Saxony.

Frederick would have done much better to split the Saxons up and incorporate them among his reliable old regiments, as Winterfeldt had suggested. It is difficult to understand why Frederick chose the other course. Perhaps he believed, like Prince Moritz of Anhalt-Dessau, that the Saxons would be eager to fight under a Protestant king or perhaps he was blinded by his inveterate hatred of all things Saxon... This episode remains among his worst miscalculations as a man-manager..." Duffy, The Army of Fredrick the Great.

IR55 (the former Saxon Fürst Lubomirsky Infantry ) seems to have been the only ex-Saxon regiment which saw active service in the Seven Years War. At first under the command of Major-General Baron C. von Hauss, it was commanded by L. P. von Roebel from December 1760 to 1763. At first as garrison at Halle, the regiment fought in the battle of Kunersdorf on 12th August 1759. As part of Finck's command, it suffered heavy losses; Duffy, Army of Frederick The Great 1st Edition shows around 40% casualties. One battalion of the regiment was part of a small isolated force under Major-General Dierecke at Meissen which was overwhelmed and captured by a much larger Austrian force on 4th December 1759. The three battalions of which it was part were isolated on the right bank of the Elbe and other Prussian troops were unable to help them. The regiment served in 1760 in Saxony and one battalion fought at Strehla on 20th August. It was again in Saxony in 1762 and one battalion took part in the surprise attack on Doebeln on May 12th. It was then in Bohemia with Seydlitz, fought at Teplitz on August 2nd and was part of the reserve at Freiberg on October 29th. (Most of the operational information from Kronoskaf.)

 

Duffy (Army of Frederick the Great) says:  "Badly hit at Kunersdorf, where Major Ewald v. Kleist (the poet) was mortally wounded. The survivors captured at Maxen. The regiment was restored, but disbanded, after the peace, the men going to IR no.36."

And this was the somewhat stripped down and simplified uniform:

IR56 (the former Saxon regiment Prinz Friedrich August) spent most of the war in garrison at Lübben and Guben. Kronoskaf says "On March 28 1757, the second battalion of the regiment mutinied. The first battalion did the same on March 29. They both escaped to Poland. However, the regiment was soon re-established with new levies. The regiment seems to have continued to assume garrison duties till the end of the war."

Duffy (Army of Frederick the Great) says:  ""Restored after a mass desertion in March 1757. After the peace it took the place of the disbanded IR no. 32."

And this was the uniform: